class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide .title[ # Social Media in Recruitment ] .author[ ### Edmund Baker, Veronika Grimm, Yuval Ofek-Shanny ] .date[ ### 2022-06-14 ] --- <iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states?time=1930..2019&country=~Social+media+usage" loading="lazy" style="width: 100%; height: 600px; border: 0px none;"></iframe> --- # Social Media is a New Signal .pull-left[ .bigtab[ <table> <tr> <th>Signals</th> <th>Costly?</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Education</td> <td>Costly</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Experience</td> <td>Costly</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CV</td> <td>Cheap</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Letters of Recommendation</td> <td>Cheap</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Interview</td> <td>?</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Clothing</td> <td>Cheap</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Assessment Tests</td> <td>Costly</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Personality Tests</td> <td>Cheap</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Social Media</td> <td>Costly</td> </tr> </table> ] ] .pull-right[ .center[ [<img src="SM_Flowchart2.png" width="450"/>](SM_Flowchart2.png) ] ] --- .center[ [<img src="employers_use_sm.png" width="700"/>](employers_use_sm.png) ] .bullet[ (Source: [Career Builder Survey of 1,012 hiring and human resource managers, 2018](https://press.careerbuilder.com/2018-08-09-More-Than-Half-of-Employers-Have-Found-Content-on-Social-Media-That-Caused-Them-NOT-to-Hire-a-Candidate-According-to-Recent-CareerBuilder-Survey) ) ] --- ## Literature .bullet-content[ > Although organizations use SM to assist in staffing decisions, such use is not well understood by researchers > <footer>Roth et al, 2016</footer> - Correspondence - Religion, sexual orientation (Acquisti and Fong, 2020) - Appearance (Baert, 2018) - Origin / Race (Manant, Pajak, and Soulie, 2019) - Survey / Vignette - Alcohol (Becton et al., 2019; Bohnert and Ross, 2010) - Self-absorption, opinionatedness, and alcohol and drug use (Tews, Stafford, and Kudler, 2020) ] --- # Research Questions .bullet-content[ How do application evaluators … 1. react to less appealing SM content? 2. react to candidates with mental health issues? 3. contradictory info in SM and CV? 4. a lack of an online presence? ] --- # The Hiring Decision .pull-left[ .center[ [<img src="recruitment_process.png" width="450"/>](recruitment_process.png) ] ] .pull-right[ .bullet-content[ - We focus on screening - sometimes outsourced .small[(source: [Cappelli, P, (2019). Your Approach to Hiring Is All Wrong. Harvard Business Review, May/June 2019 pp 48–58](https://press.careerbuilder.com/2018-08-09-More-Than-Half-of-Employers-Have-Found-Content-on-Social-Media-That-Caused-Them-NOT-to-Hire-a-Candidate-According-to-Recent-CareerBuilder-Survey)] - rarely directly incentivised .small[(source: [Hirshman, C, (2003). Incentives for Recruiters?. HR Magazine, Nov 2003](https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/pages/1103hirschman.aspx))] ] ] --- # Experimental Design .center[ [<img src="experimental_design.png" width="700"/>](experimental_design.png) ] --- # Experimental Design: Attention Screening .center[ [<img src="experimental_design2.png" width="700"/>](experimental_design2.png) ] --- # Experimental Design: Job Description .center[ [<img src="experimental_design3.png" width="700"/>](experimental_design3.png) ] --- # Experimental Design: Applications .center[ [<img src="experimental_design4.png" width="700"/>](experimental_design4.png) ] --- # Experimental Design: Questionnaire .center[ [<img src="experimental_design5.png" width="700"/>](experimental_design5.png) ] --- # Applications: The CV .center[ [<img src="applications_cv.jpg" width="900"/>](applications_cv.jpg) ] --- # Applications: The SM .center[ [<img src="applications_sm.jpg" width="900"/>](applications_sm.jpg) ] --- # Treatment 1: 'Bad' .center[ [<img src="treatment_bad.jpg" width="700"/>](treatment_bad.jpg) ] --- # Treatment 2: Mental Health .center[ [<img src="treatment_mental_health.jpg" width="700"/>](treatment_mental_health.jpg) ] --- # Treatment 3: Gap .center[ [<img src="treatment_gap.jpg" width="700"/>](treatment_gap.jpg) ] --- # Treatment 4: Gap + Lie .center[ [<img src="treatment_gap_lie.jpg" width="700"/>](treatment_gap_lie.jpg) ] --- # Treatment 5: No Social Media .center[ [<img src="treatment_no_info.jpg" width="400"/>](treatment_no_info.jpg) ] --- # Results: Effort .pull-left[ <img src="MDS_14_June_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-1-1.png" style="display:block; margin:auto;" /> ] .pull-right[ <img src="MDS_14_June_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png" style="display:block; margin:auto;" /> ] --- # Results: Treatment Effects .center[ <img src="MDS_14_June_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-3-1.png" style="display:block; margin:auto;" /> ] --- .pull-left[ # Results <img src="MDS_14_June_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png" style="display:block; margin:auto;" /> ] .pull-right[ .testcal[ <table style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none;"> <tr> <th style="border-top: double; text-align:center; font-style:normal; font-weight:bold; padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; "> </th> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: double; text-align:center; font-style:normal; font-weight:bold; padding:0.2cm; ">Gap</th> </tr> <tr> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; text-align:left; ">Predictors</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">Estimates</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">CI</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">p</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">mean pred.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">1.01</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.63 – 1.38</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; "><strong><0.001</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">differential forest pred.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-1.52</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-3.42 – 0.38</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.117</td> </tr> </table> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none;"> <tr> <th style="border-top: double; text-align:center; font-style:normal; font-weight:bold; padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; "> </th> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: double; text-align:center; font-style:normal; font-weight:bold; padding:0.2cm; ">Gap + Lie</th> </tr> <tr> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; text-align:left; ">Predictors</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">Estimates</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">CI</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">p</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">mean pred.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">1.00</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.65 – 1.35</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; "><strong><0.001</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">differential forest pred.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.60</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-1.59 – 0.39</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.234</td> </tr> </table> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none;"> <tr> <th style="border-top: double; text-align:center; font-style:normal; font-weight:bold; padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; "> </th> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: double; text-align:center; font-style:normal; font-weight:bold; padding:0.2cm; ">Mental Health</th> </tr> <tr> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; text-align:left; ">Predictors</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">Estimates</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">CI</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">p</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">mean pred.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">1.00</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.82 – 1.19</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; "><strong><0.001</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">differential forest pred.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.74</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.23 – 1.25</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; "><strong>0.005</strong></td> </tr> </table> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none;"> <tr> <th style="border-top: double; text-align:center; font-style:normal; font-weight:bold; padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; "> </th> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: double; text-align:center; font-style:normal; font-weight:bold; padding:0.2cm; ">No SM</th> </tr> <tr> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; text-align:left; ">Predictors</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">Estimates</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">CI</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">p</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">mean pred.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">1.00</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.85 – 1.15</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; "><strong><0.001</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">differential forest pred.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">1.39</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.80 – 1.98</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; "><strong><0.001</strong></td> </tr> </table> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none;"> <tr> <th style="border-top: double; text-align:center; font-style:normal; font-weight:bold; padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; "> </th> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: double; text-align:center; font-style:normal; font-weight:bold; padding:0.2cm; ">'Bad'</th> </tr> <tr> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; text-align:left; ">Predictors</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">Estimates</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">CI</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal; ">p</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">mean pred.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">1.00</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.93 – 1.07</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; "><strong><0.001</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">differential forest pred.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">1.14</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.90 – 1.39</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; "><strong><0.001</strong></td> </tr> </table> ] ] --- # Results: Mental Health .pull-left[ Compare upper and lower quintiles of the CATE .smalltab[ | | stronger (N=300) | weaker (N=300) | p value| |:---------------------------|:----------------:|:---------------:|-------:| |**Age** | | | < 0.001| | Mean (SD) | 46.047 (11.584) | 38.633 (10.836) | | |**Eval. Female** | | | < 0.001| | FALSE | 92 (30.7%) | 136 (45.3%) | | | TRUE | 208 (69.3%) | 164 (54.7%) | | |**Eval. 'Conservative'** | | | < 0.001| | Mean (SD) | 3.903 (1.524) | 3.420 (1.635) | | |**Graduate** | | | 0.067| | FALSE | 86 (28.7%) | 107 (35.7%) | | | TRUE | 214 (71.3%) | 193 (64.3%) | | |**Active on SM** | | | 0.394| | Mean (SD) | 3.117 (1.117) | 3.042 (1.051) | | |**SM Approval** | | | < 0.001| | Mean (SD) | 5.140 (0.939) | 4.121 (0.974) | | |**Privacy** | | | < 0.001| | Mean (SD) | 3.189 (1.530) | 2.771 (1.417) | | |**CV Contents Imp.** | | | 0.008| | Mean (SD) | 8.633 (1.363) | 8.247 (2.101) | | |**SM Contents Imp.** | | | < 0.001| | Mean (SD) | 7.600 (1.807) | 4.400 (2.302) | | ] ] .pull-right[ Regress CATE on dependent variables .smalltab[ <table style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none;"> <tr> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;nodv text-align:left; ">Predictors</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;nodv ">Estimates</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;nodv ">CI</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Age</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.16 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.44 – 0.11</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Eval. Female</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.04 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.30 – 0.22</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Eval. 'Conservative'</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.31 <sup>*</sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.57 – -0.05</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Graduate</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.12 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.15 – 0.40</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Active on SM</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.06 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.35 – 0.24</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">SM Approval</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.01 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.30 – 0.29</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Privacy</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.01 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.26 – 0.27</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">CV Contents Imp.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.08 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.33 – 0.18</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">SM Contents Imp.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.33 <sup>*</sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.61 – -0.04</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-style:italic; border-top:double black; text-align:right;">* p<0.05 ** p<0.01 *** p<0.001</td> </tr> </table> ] ] --- # Results: Mental Health .center[ <img src="MDS_14_June_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-8-1.png" style="display:block; margin:auto;" /> ] --- # Results: No SM .pull-left[ Compare upper and lower quintiles of the CATE .smalltab[ | | stronger (N=300) | weaker (N=300) | p value| |:---------------------------|:----------------:|:---------------:|-------:| |**Age** | | | 0.848| | Mean (SD) | 40.560 (12.034) | 40.750 (12.193) | | |**Eval. Female** | | | 0.007| | FALSE | 98 (32.7%) | 130 (43.3%) | | | TRUE | 202 (67.3%) | 170 (56.7%) | | |**Eval. 'Conservative'** | | | 0.203| | Mean (SD) | 3.347 (1.650) | 3.520 (1.683) | | |**Graduate** | | | 0.128| | FALSE | 80 (26.7%) | 97 (32.3%) | | | TRUE | 220 (73.3%) | 203 (67.7%) | | |**Active on SM** | | | < 0.001| | Mean (SD) | 4.028 (1.061) | 2.416 (0.910) | | |**SM Approval** | | | < 0.001| | Mean (SD) | 5.344 (0.769) | 3.792 (0.983) | | |**Privacy** | | | 0.005| | Mean (SD) | 2.968 (1.392) | 2.651 (1.362) | | |**CV Contents Imp.** | | | 0.734| | Mean (SD) | 8.530 (1.565) | 8.487 (1.555) | | |**SM Contents Imp.** | | | < 0.001| | Mean (SD) | 7.977 (1.576) | 4.147 (2.120) | | ] ] .pull-right[ Regress CATE on dependent variables .smalltab[ <table style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none;"> <tr> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;nodv text-align:left; ">Predictors</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;nodv ">Estimates</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;nodv ">CI</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Age</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.09 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.37 – 0.19</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Eval. Female</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.02 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.25 – 0.29</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Eval. 'Conservative'</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.11 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.16 – 0.37</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Graduate</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.03 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.32 – 0.25</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Active on SM</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.34 <sup>*</sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.64 – -0.05</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">SM Approval</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.08 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.39 – 0.22</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Privacy</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.01 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.27 – 0.28</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">CV Contents Imp.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.07 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.34 – 0.19</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">SM Contents Imp.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.57 <sup>***</sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.86 – -0.28</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-style:italic; border-top:double black; text-align:right;">* p<0.05 ** p<0.01 *** p<0.001</td> </tr> </table> ] ] --- # Results: No SM .center[ <img src="MDS_14_June_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png" style="display:block; margin:auto;" /> ] --- # Results: 'Bad' .pull-left[ Compare upper and lower quintiles of the CATE .smalltab[ | | stronger (N=300) | weaker (N=300) | p value| |:---------------------------|:----------------:|:--------------:|-------:| |**Age** | | | < 0.001| | Mean (SD) | 42.050 (12.220) | 36.183 (9.125) | | |**Eval. Female** | | | < 0.001| | FALSE | 79 (26.3%) | 122 (40.7%) | | | TRUE | 221 (73.7%) | 178 (59.3%) | | |**Eval. 'Conservative'** | | | 0.069| | Mean (SD) | 3.507 (1.647) | 3.250 (1.800) | | |**Graduate** | | | 0.238| | FALSE | 78 (26.0%) | 91 (30.3%) | | | TRUE | 222 (74.0%) | 209 (69.7%) | | |**Active on SM** | | | 0.755| | Mean (SD) | 3.215 (1.141) | 3.186 (1.126) | | |**SM Approval** | | | < 0.001| | Mean (SD) | 5.274 (0.876) | 3.790 (1.091) | | |**Privacy** | | | < 0.001| | Mean (SD) | 3.161 (1.444) | 2.422 (1.331) | | |**CV Contents Imp.** | | | < 0.001| | Mean (SD) | 8.327 (1.623) | 8.940 (1.401) | | |**SM Contents Imp.** | | | < 0.001| | Mean (SD) | 8.527 (1.195) | 1.930 (0.994) | | ] ] .pull-right[ Regress CATE on dependent variables .smalltab[ <table style="border-collapse:collapse; border:none;"> <tr> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;nodv text-align:left; ">Predictors</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;nodv ">Estimates</td> <td style=" text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid; font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;nodv ">CI</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Age</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.03 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.34 – 0.27</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Eval. Female</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.51 <sup>***</sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.79 – -0.24</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Eval. 'Conservative'</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.01 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.29 – 0.28</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Graduate</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.23 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.07 – 0.54</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Active on SM</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.17 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.14 – 0.48</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">SM Approval</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.05 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.36 – 0.26</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">Privacy</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.20 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.48 – 0.09</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">CV Contents Imp.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">0.22 <sup></sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-0.07 – 0.50</td> </tr> <tr> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; ">SM Contents Imp.</td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-1.27 <sup>***</sup></td> <td style=" padding:0.2cm; text-align:left; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; ">-1.57 – -0.96</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="font-style:italic; border-top:double black; text-align:right;">* p<0.05 ** p<0.01 *** p<0.001</td> </tr> </table> ] ] --- #Results: 'Bad' .center[ <img src="MDS_14_June_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-14-1.png" style="display:block; margin:auto;" /> ] --- # Recruiters Do What They Say They Do <img src="MDS_14_June_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-15-1.png" style="display:block; margin:auto;" /> --- class: center, middle # Thank You!